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Swine Flu
The first doses of swine flu vaccine were released in the United States October 5, 2009. The vaccine became widely available in the Valley by mid-December.
H1N1 influenza virus, otherwise known as swine flu, popped up publically in Mexico in March, 2009. By June, the World Health Organization (WHO) had announced a Level 6 global alert – the highest – for the first time in 40 years. It was intended to help the world prepare for an imminent lethal viral attack not seen in decades and required the mobilization of immense resources. By August, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology was projecting that H1N1 could kill as many as 90,000 Americans in the 2009/2010 flu season, two and a half times the number killed in a typical flu season.
"We are witnessing a roll-out of the largest, most expensive mass vaccination campaign in the history of our nation, a rollout that is bigger than even the polio vaccine campaigns of the 1950's," said Barbara Loe Fisher, President of the National Vaccine Information Center. "There is no funded government vaccine injury compensation program for swine flu vaccine."
Initially, some doctors wondered whether the vaccination drive was necessary for a flu that has caused only mild symptoms in most cases. They said some of their patients had expressed doubts about whether the vaccine had been sufficiently tested for safety, and they admitted that they were sympathetic to those fears.[1]
Then reports told us half of the healthcare workers were not going to get vaccinated for swine flu and don't routinely get their shots for seasonal flu, in part because many of them doubt the vaccines' efficacy.
Meanwhile, a shortage of vaccines forced the delay of mass vaccinations. But by the time vaccines were widely available after Thanksgiving, people were no longer clamoring for them. So as predicted in October in the journal Eurosurveillance, the planned vaccination campaign did not have a large effect on the total number of people ultimately infected by the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.
Countries around the world began planning how to dump their excess supplies of vaccine. By the first week of 2010, France said it wanted to cancel 50 million of the 94 million doses it had ordered. Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain also reported huge excess inventories.
In June of 2010, the U.S. ordered the destruction of 40 million doses of expired vaccine worth $260 million dollars. The CDC estimated about 12,000 Americans died from swine flu between its emergence April 2009 until mid-February, 2010.
INQUIRIES INTO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BEGIN
Governments heeded warnings from the United Nations that there would be millions of deaths unless nations promptly proceeded with the controversial vaccination plan promoted by the UN's entity for health matters, the WHO. With billions of dollars of unneeded inventory going to waste a few months later, government leaders turned angry and started to demand hard answers.
Articles in the European press have repeatedly called into question the myriad ties between vaccine manufacturers and decision makers in the WHO.
The French opposition Socialist Party described that country's national campaign as an "extravagant fiasco" and demanded a parliamentary investigation.
In early January 2010, the Council of Europe member states announced they are launching an inquiry into the influence of the pharmaceutical companies on the global swine flu campaign, focusing especially on extent of the drug industry's influence on WHO. The text of the resolution says, in part,
"In order to promote their patented drugs and vaccines against flu, pharmaceutical companies influenced scientists and official agencies, responsible for public health standards, to alarm governments worldwide and make them squander tight health resources for inefficient vaccine strategies and needlessly expose millions of healthy people to the risk of an unknown amount of side-effects of insufficiently tested vaccines. The 'bird-flu'-campaign (2005/06) combined with the 'swine-flu'-campaign seem to have caused a great deal of damage not only to some vaccinated patients and to public health-budgets, but to the credibility and accountability of important international health-agencies."[1a]
The WHO's "false pandemic" flu campaign is "one of the greatest medicine scandals of the century," according to Dr. Wolfgang Wodarg, Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. "The definition of an alarming pandemic must not be under the influence of drug-sellers," he adds.
Wodarg, a doctor and former SPD member of the German Bundestag, says that the "false pandemic" campaign began last May in Mexico City, when a hundred or so "normal" reported influenza cases were declared to be the beginning of a threatening new pandemic, although there was little scientific evidence for this. Nevertheless the WHO, "in cooperation with some big pharmaceutical companies and their scientists, re-defined pandemics," removing the statement that "an enormous amount of people have contracted the illness or died" from its existing definition and replacing it by stating simply that there has to be a virus, spreading beyond borders and to which people have no immunity.
These new standards forced politicians in most states to react immediately and sign marketing commitments for additional and new vaccines against swine flu, through "sealed contracts" under which orders are secured in advance and governments take almost all responsibility. "In this way, the producers of vaccines are sure of enormous gains without having any financial risks. So they just wait until WHO says 'pandemic' and activate the contracts," says Dr. Wodarg.[1b]
The Japanese health ministry announced it is launching an inquiry into deaths and side effects from the vaccine. Japan recorded 104 deaths, roughly 80 percent of whom are people aged 70 or older who had chronic diseases or disorders. Additionally, some 1,900 cases of side effects had been reported from medical institutions.
In the U.S., President Obama had decreed the H1N1 pandemic a national emergency, prompting some analysts to warn about increased governmental powers. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services had issued a "formal declaration of a Public Health Emergency" in April of 2009, even though there had only been 20 confirmed cases of the H1N1 virus.
Two reports came out in June, 2010 that accused the WHO of exaggerating the threat posed by the H1N1 virus and failing to disclose conflicts of interest where WHO officials had financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry.
The prominent British Medial Journal and the Bureau of Investigative Journalism based in London collaborated on a report that criticized 2004 guidelines the WHO developed based in part on the advice of three experts who received consulting fees from the two leading manufacturers of antiviral drugs used against the virus, Roche and GlaxoSmithKline.
The second report came from the Social, Health and Family Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, which launched an investigation in response to allegations that the WHO's response to the pandemic was influenced by drug companies that make antiviral drugs and vaccines. It states, "It is particularly troubled by some of the consequences of decisions taken and advice given leading to distortion of priorities of public health services across Europe, waste of large sums of public money, and also unjustified scares and fears about health risks faced by the European public at large."
In an interview with London's The Independent newspaper, World Health Organization advisor Prof. Ulrich Keil, complained that by calling the early H1N1 outbreak a "pandemic," countries around the world wasted precious public health money: "We know the great killers are hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, high body mass index, physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake....instead [governments] wasted huge amounts of money by investing in pandemic scenarios whose evidence base is weak."
SAFETY CONCERNS
One reason many people around the world refused the shot was that people are increasingly skeptical about vaccines.
The British medical journal Lancet wrote in August, 2009:
"Safety of an H1N1 vaccine is a concern. Many national regulatory agencies have set-up fast-track approval processes for the H1N1 vaccine, which means that a vaccine might be licensed without the usual safety and efficacy data requirements. Vaccine safety will therefore have to be monitored through post-marketing surveillance. But some fear a repeat of the 1976 H1N1 outbreak in the USA, where mass vaccination was associated with complications, which stopped the campaign and led to the withdrawal of the vaccine. Countries need to assess carefully the risks and benefits of rapid approval of an H1N1 vaccine, especially since the disease has so far been mild with most patients making a full recovery. They must also ensure that they have strong post-marketing surveillance in place before rolling out a vaccine."[3]
A British paper, the Daily Mail, published an article August 15, 2009, that said:
"A warning that the new swine flu jab is linked to a deadly nerve disease has been sent by the Government to senior neurologists in a confidential letter ... It tells the neurologists that they must be alert for an increase in a brain disorder called Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), which could be triggered by the vaccine ... The letter, sent to about 600 neurologists on July 29, is the first sign that there is concern at the highest levels that the vaccine itself could cause serious complications. It refers to the use of a similar swine flu vaccine in the United States in 1976 when more people died from the vaccination than from swine flu.
In 1976 the U.S. government ordered a mass vaccination drive in response to a swine flu outbreak. It was abruptly stopped after 30 people died as a direct result of the vaccinations and some 500 people reported developing Guillain-Barre syndrome, a paralyzing disorder, after getting the flu vaccine. Unanswered questions regarding the outbreak remain to this day. A "60 Minutes" news segment on the 1976 vaccination campaign can be seen at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro1WL5ketWg
In the November, 2009 Atlantic Monthly magazine, health writers Shannon Brownlee and Jeanne Lenzer asked some fundamental questions:
"What if everything we think we know about fighting influenza is wrong? What if flu vaccines do not protect people from dying - particularly the elderly, who account for 90 percent of deaths from seasonal flu? And what if the expensive antiviral drugs that the government has stockpiled over the past few years also have little, if any, power to reduce the number of people who die or are hospitalized?"[4]
The writers reveal that questioning the party line can be hazardous to one's medical career. Lisa Jackson, a physician and senior investigator with the Group Health Research Center in Seattle, questioned the estimate of 50 percent mortality reduction for people who get seasonal flu vaccine. Her studies found evidence that the flu vaccine itself might not reduce mortality at all.
"'People told me, No good can come of [asking] this,' she says. 'Potentially a lot of bad could happen for me professionally by raising any criticism that might dissuade people from getting vaccinated.'
"One flu expert who reviewed her studies for the Journal of the American Medical Association wrote, 'To accept these results would be to say that the earth is flat!'
"Government officials declare that both vaccines and drugs are effective. When faced with contrary evidence, the adherents acknowledge that the science is not as crisp as they might wish. Then, in response to calls for placebo-controlled trials, which would provide clear results one way or the other, proponents say such studies would deprive patients of vaccines and drugs that have already been deemed effective. The logic is circular.
"The annals of medicine are littered with treatments and tests that became medical doctrine on the slimmest of evidence, and were then declared sacrosanct and beyond scientific investigation.
"Most experts agree that it's only a matter of time before we're hit by a truly devastating flu pandemic - one that might kill more people worldwide than have died of the plague and aids combined. In the U.S., the main lines of defense are pharmaceutical - vaccines and antiviral drugs to limit the spread of flu and prevent people from dying from it. Yet now some flu experts are challenging the medical orthodoxy and arguing that for those most in need of protection, flu shots and antiviral drugs may provide little to none. So where does that leave us if a bad pandemic strikes?"
Researchers in Japan found Tamiflu excreted in human waste travels through sewer systems into waterways. Concern is growing that birds, which are natural influenza carriers, are being exposed to waterborne residues of Tamiflu's active form and might develop and spread drug-resistant strains of seasonal and avian flu. And the researchers didn't test during a pandemic, when Tamiflu prescription rates might be 10 times higher.[5]
In December, health writers Shannon Brownlee and Jeanne Lenzer reported that Tamiflu is not as effective or safe as many patients, doctors, and governments think. They said:
"The nation may have put more than a billion dollars into the medical equivalent of a mirage. This week, the British medical journal BMJ published a multi-part investigation that confirms that the scientific evidence just isn't there to show that Tamiflu prevents serious complications, hospitalization, or death in people that have the flu. The BMJ goes further to suggest that Roche, the Swiss company that manufactures and markets Tamiflu, may have misled governments and physicians.
"According to an FDA spokesperson, side effects may include potentially fatal heart problems. If the drug is going to be used to prevent death, it seems reasonable to ask whether or not its potentially deadly side effects are outweighed by potential benefits. We asked the FDA whether it had required Roche to conduct an additional trial or trials looking at whether or not, on balance, the drug reduces more serious complications than it causes. This week, a spokesperson reported back that there has been no such request made to Roche.
"All of which leaves open the question of why governments around the world have invested so much – on the order of $3 billion since the emergence of H1N1 last spring, according to investment bank, JP Morgan – in a drug that appears to do so little."[5a]
Meanwhile, both seasonal and swine flu shots are heavily promoted, protective or not.
ADJUVANTS
Several thorny issues exist around vaccine manufacture and approval. One way to ease supply problems is the use of adjuvants in a vaccine. Adjuvants are usually oil-water emulsions like squalene or aluminum salts. On July 7, 2009, WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization recommended that vaccine formulated with oil-in-water adjuvants and live-attenuated influenza vaccines should be promoted to help increase the global supply of a vaccine and because they are better at protecting against strain variations.
Adjuvants can be added to inactivated vaccines (ones without the live virus) to boost their efficacy by stimulating the immune system to respond to the vaccine more vigorously. Adjuvants also reduce the amount of vaccine required per dose. However, they often heighten unpleasant side effects.
Animal studies have shown that squalene adjuvants may generate autoimmune versions of arthritis, multiple sclerosis and other conditions. A 2000 study published in the American Journal of Pathology demonstrated that a single injection of the adjuvant squalene into rats triggered "chronic, immune-mediated joint-specific inflammation," also known as rheumatoid arthritis.[6]
The FDA has never approved the general use of any vaccine containing squalene in the United States. Well, maybe.
One of the many controversies swirling around vaccines is whether squalene was used as an adjuvant in anthrax vaccines given during the 1990-1991 period to Gulf War soldiers. A 2000 Tulane Medical School study found that "The majority of symptomatic GWS patients had serum antibodies to squalene" and concluded that squalene played a role in Gulf War Syndrome.[7]
In September, 2009, American officials decided against using squalene, fearing that using an adjuvant would raise public fears about vaccine safety at a time when their challenge might be about to shift from procuring enough vaccine to persuading people to use it.[8]
By November, vaccine makers were urging Congress to approve the use of adjuvants like squalene, and to assure skeptical Americans about their safety. It is thought many more people would have been vaccinated if supplies had been available earlier, before the H1N1 flu appeared to be of little consequence. "We have so much vaccine hesitancy in this country," said Jeff Levi of the non-profit Trust For America's Health. "To add ... a new element could well have undermined the efficacy of this campaign," he told a Congressional subcommittee. The U.S. Health and Human Services Department was ready to use adjuvants; the federal government spent nearly $700 million buying them. "If things had been worse and this would have been a more severe pandemic, we may well have needed to go that way anyway," Levi testified.[8a]
Aluminum salts are the most commonly used adjuvant, but they are not as powerful as squalene. The side effect of aluminum salts is possible hyperactivity of the immune system. Just like an allergy, if a person is allergic to the vaccine's contents, the body's immune system causes extreme inflammation, which is a more dangerous situation than what the vaccine was intended to prevent. The inflammation can cause nerve damage. The neurotoxic effects of aluminum were recognized a hundred years ago. Aluminum has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
MERCURY
The swine flu vaccine comes in multi-dose vials containing thimerosal, another term for ethyl mercury. It is an antibacterial additive. Multi-dose vials typically hold 10 doses which means 10 different times a needle will be inserted through the rubber top. Even though each needle is new and sterile, it is necessary to have an antibacterial additive for multi-dose vials.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the safe level of mercury is 0.1 mcg/kg per day. A typical dose of H1N1 vaccine contains about 25 mcg of mercury. According to the EPA guidelines, in order for this amount of mercury to be safe, the individual getting the vaccine would need to weigh 539 pounds.
The "autism epidemic" in the U.S. took hold about 1991, which is when vaccines for children doubled. Epidemiologist Tom Verstraeten and Dr. Richard Johnston, an immunologist and pediatrician from the University of Colorado, both concluded that thimerosal was responsible for the dramatic rise in cases of autism; their findings were dismissed by the CDC.[10]
Personally, I believe that autism is not necessarily caused by mercury in vaccines, but rather by an overwhelming toxic body burden. Mercury is part of that toxic load, and for some children, the dose of it in a vaccine may the "final straw." Children who have not been vaccinated have developed autism. Your genetics dictate how easily you excrete mercury.
Sanofi-Aventis, one drug maker, says it plans to market a thimerosal-free version of the vaccine. To read the package inserts as to what is in the various flu shots and what the warnings are, go to:
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/flu/hcp/vaccine/vis.html#package
3 SHOTS THIS FLU SEASON?
The seasonal flu vaccine is a single dose for teens and adults. Children under 9, who have never received the flu shot before, typically need two doses of seasonal vaccine, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
"Seasonal flu vaccine campaigns usually focus on the elderly and people of all ages with chronic diseases that can put them at higher risk of potentially dangerous complications", said Carol Baker, a member of the government's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). "The pandemic flu is
striking a much younger population, including pregnant women, so the ACIP recommended that it be given to pregnant women, people who live with or care for children younger than 6 months old, health care workers, people ages 6 months to 24 years and people 25 to 64 who have chronic illnesses or immune problems. We anticipate that everybody's going to need two doses of the pandemic vaccine. That's because the swine flu virus is so different from typical viruses that very few people – except maybe the elderly, who have been around longer and may have encountered a virus like it – have been exposed to it", she says. "That makes most of us like children, lacking immunity and needing a booster dose."[12] The two swine flu shots will come a week apart.
36,000 DIE ANNUALLY – PR OR SCIENCE?
One of the most often repeated mantras of the campaign to vaccinate against the flu is that "A normal flu season kills about 36,000 Americans and hospitalizes 200,000."[13,14]
But a little research turns up an inconvenient truth – no where near 36,000 people die each year from the flu.
The figure comes from the CDC. According to their National Vital Statistic Reports (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr52/nvsr52_13.pdf), the actual number of flu associated deaths from 1999 to 2002 are:
| YEAR |
FLU DEATHS |
| 2002 |
753 |
| 2001 |
257 |
| 2000 |
1765 |
| 1999 |
1665 |
The American Lung Association ( http://www.lungusa.org/atf/cf/%7B7A8D42C2-FCCA-4604-8ADE-7F5D5E762256%7D/PI1.PDF) also uses these figures:
| YEAR |
FLU DEATHS |
| 1998 |
1724 |
| 1997 |
720 |
| 1996 |
745 |
| 1995 |
606 |
| 1994 |
No data |
| 1993 |
1044 |
| 1992 |
No data |
| 1991 |
1137 |
So how does the CDC get from 753 flu deaths to 36,000 annual flu deaths? By combining flu deaths with pneumonia deaths. The CDC National Vital Statistic Report for 2002 (p.4) lists Influenza and Pneumonia as the 7th leading cause of death in 2002. However, 753 of those deaths were flu associated and 65,321 were pneumonia associated. If all flu associated deaths are removed, pneumonia associated deaths still ranks number 7 by itself.
And the CDC's justification for that? "Flu-related deaths are deaths that occur in people for whom influenza infection was likely a contributor to the cause of death, but not necessarily the primary cause of death."[15]
The British Medical Journal wrote a scathing critique of the CDC's numbers. In an article entitled, "Are U.S. Flu Death Figures More PR Than Science?" they pretty much hit the nail on the head:
"US data on influenza deaths are a mess. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledges a difference between flu death and flu associated death yet uses the terms interchangeably. Additionally, there are significant statistical incompatibilities between official estimates and national vital statistics data. Compounding these problems is a marketing of fear – a CDC communications strategy in which medical experts 'predict dire outcomes' during flu seasons ... CDC is working in manufacturers' interest by conducting campaigns to increase flu vaccination."[16]
An August 12th, 2009 editorial in the Wall Street Journal by two doctors puts the vigorous swine flu vaccination campaign in perspective:
"Compare this response to the scant media and political attention that have been given to several silent but no less deadly outbreaks of disease in recent years caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Most such outbreaks are treated as the poor stepsisters of pandemic influenza, even while they have killed far more people than swine flu over the same period."[17]
One thing we know for sure about the statistics - people 65 and older have contracted swine flu at the lowest rate of any age group. The elderly appear to be largely protected because of exposure to other distantly related flu strains that circulated decades ago. And that speaks volumes about the nature of immunity.
IMMUNITY
Historically, an infection passes through the population, felling those whose immune systems are weak. A prevailing theory says the rest of the population then has immunity to that infectious agent because they have been exposed and their bodies developed memory cells that "remember" each specific pathogen encountered, and are able to mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again.
While the CDC campaigns vigorously each year for vaccinations, the historical record reveals that infectious diseases declined 90 percent before mass vaccination was ever introduced. A major sanitation reform movement swept Europe during the 1800s. Plumbing systems were developed, creating a sewer system other than streets, and water distribution systems were upgraded to prevent bacterial contamination. All the old terror diseases of plague, black death, and cholera responded to these reforms, and epidemics declined throughout the 1800s, long before the advent of vaccination. Even the CDC reported in 1999 that:
"The 19th century shift in population from country to city that accompanied industrialization and immigration led to overcrowding in poor housing served by inadequate or nonexistent public water supplies and waste-disposal systems. These conditions resulted in repeated outbreaks of cholera, dysentery, TB, typhoid fever, influenza, yellow fever, and malaria.
"By 1900, however, the incidence of many of these diseases had begun to decline because of public health improvements, implementation of which continued into the 20th century."[18]
The concept that epidemic diseases were ended by sanitation reforms is reinforced when natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina destroy sanitation systems and roads, bringing epidemic diseases with the collapse of the infrastructure. Vaccination does not end these epidemics – the restoration of basic services restores health.
Germs seek their natural habitat – weakened and diseased tissue. Just as a lawn that is stressed from too little water and nutrition grows weeds, a stressed human inner terrain invites pathogens to take hold.
The best defense against flu – or any new pathogen – is a strong immune system. Seven common ways the immune system is depressed:
• Low thyroid
• Sugar
• Stress
• Diets low in good fats (eggs, butter, grass fed meats) and high in trans fats
• Chronic low infections
• Environmental assaults – chemicals like pesticides, plastics, dioxins, and heavy metals (including mercury and aluminum in vaccines)
• Chronic low vitamin D levels
According to the CDC, by June of 2009, one million Americans had already been exposed to H1N1 swine flu and didn't know it; they had no symptoms. When the body is exposed to a new virus, a strong immune system makes its own antibodies, making you immune to further infections from that virus. That is why you get childhood illnesses generally just once. By now, several millions of Americans have already survived H1N1 swine flu; their healthy immune systems have done their job of keeping them well.
PREPARE FOR FLU
I do not recommend seasonal flu shots. They come with mercury and they simply don't work that well to begin with. I do not recommend the swine flu shot. The risks are not worth the possible benefit. And so far, swine flu has produced mild symptoms and most people recover without any medical intervention.
Symptoms of swine flu, so far, are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and may include:
• Fever (greater than 100°F or 37.8°C)
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Stuffy nose
• Chills
• Headache and body aches
• Fatigue
When you cough or sneeze, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue - or your sleeve if you do not have a tissue. Throw used tissues in a trash can. When people use their hands to cover a sneeze, their hands tend to spread germs around. Germs left on a shopping cart for example can live up to 48 hours. After you cough or sneeze, wash your hands with soap and water.
Official guidelines for schools recommend that isolation "should continue for at least 24 hours after patients' temperatures returns to normal or their fever breaks without the use of medication."
At The Arizona Center for Advanced Medicine, we have lots of safe, effective options for both preventing flu, and dealing with it if does grabs you.
Influenza is a virus, and immensely susceptible to vitamin C. First, take extra amounts of vitamin C. At about 10,000 mg you get "bowel intolerance" which means you head for the bathroom a lot. As a preventive measure, aim for something less than that, but perhaps more than what you usually take. You may also wish to increase your vitamin D – flu often hits harder in the winter season when sunlight exposure is less.
If you are feeling as if you are coming down with flu, call us pronto. We will be able to give you intravenous vitamin c – large doses that bypass bowel tolerance and flush viruses out of the system by making them unable to "stick" to cell membranes. We also add glutathione – the body's own antioxidant, immune system booster, and detoxifier.
For confirmed cases, we can also clean the blood of viruses, fungi and more with UV light. We can add ozone to oxidize (kill) the molecules in the shell of the virus.
If you feel ill on a weekend, use Oscillococcinum. It is an over-the-counter homeopathic remedy. The effectiveness of Oscillococcinum is confirmed by a several double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials published in the Lancet, the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, and others. Again, take it at the first signs; do not wait 2 days to start it.
Another option is high-grade colloidal silver. This is available through my office. Silver's renowned germicidal abilities come without the downsides of prescription antibiotics. ACS 200® demonstrates a much broader pathogen kill spectrum than traditional prescription antibiotics, antifungal, or antiviral preparations. ACS 200 does not damage human tissue or wipe out good intestinal flora. ACS 200 is proven to kill MRSA, Candida albicans, and Rhinovirus in less than 3 minutes. It is a good tool to use whenever you are in high-exposure environments such as airplanes and schools.
See www.cdc.gov/swineflu/investigation.htm for affected areas, both in the United States and around the world.
For specific information on travel precautions and an update on the affected areas, see: www.cdc.gov/travel.
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